| aad-1 |
synthetic form of the aad-1 gene from Sphingobium herbicidovorans |
aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase 1 (AAD-1) protein |
detoxifies 2,4-D herbicide by side-chain degradation and degrades the R-enantiomers of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides |
| aad-12 |
Delftia acidovorans |
aryloxyalkanoate di-oxygenase 12 (AAD-12) protein |
catalyzes the side chain degradation of 2,4-D herbicide |
| cym |
Bos taurus sp. bovine |
chymosin enzyme |
codes for the chymosin enzyme, which possesses aspartic protease activity with the ability to coagulate milk |
| gm-hra_1 |
Soybean (Glycine max) |
GM-HRA_1 protein (modified acetolactate synthase, ALS enzyme) |
Encodes a modified ALS enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine). Two amino acid substitutions make the enzyme tolerant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides while retaining normal enzymatic activity. |
| ccomt (inverted repeat) |
Medicago sativa (alfalfa) |
dsRNA that suppresses endogenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine: trans-caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCOMT gene) RNA transcript levels via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway |
reduces content of guaiacyl (G) lignin |
| EgCAld5H |
Eucalyptus grandis |
CAld5H enzyme |
regulates the syringyl monolignol pathway; |
| brazzein |
Pentadiplandra brazzeana |
brazzein protein |
a soluble protein with a sweetness that is approximately 1500 times greater than sucrose |
| 7crp |
synthetic form of tolerogenic protein from Cryptomeria japonica |
modified cry j 1 and cry j 2 pollen antigens containing seven major human T cell epitopes |
triggers mucosal immune tolerance to cedar pollen allergens |
| aad |
Escherichia coli |
3''(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase enzyme |
allows selection for resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as spectinomycin and streptomycin |
| hph |
Streptomyces sp. |
hygromycin phosphotransferase |
allows selection for resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin B |
| cry34Ab1 |
Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS149B1 |
Cry34Ab1 delta-endotoxin |
confers resistance to coleopteran insects particularly corn rootworm by selectively damaging their midgut lining |
| dvsnf7 |
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) |
double-stranded RNA transcript containing a 240 bp fragment of the WCR Snf7 gene |
RNAi interference resulting to down-regulation of the function of the targeted Snf7 gene leading to Western Corn Rootworm mortality. |
| ipd072Aa |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis |
IPD072Aa protein |
protection against certain coleopteran pests when expressed in genetically modified (GM) plants |
| ipd079Ea |
Ophioglossum pendulum |
IPD079Ea protein |
confers resistance to insect pest corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) |
| mpp75Aa1.1 |
Brevibacillus laterosporus |
Mpp75Aa1.1 protein |
a novel substance that causes midgut damage specifically in corn rootworm larvae. |
| pg (sense or antisense) |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
no functional polygalacturonase enzyme is produced (transcription of the endogenous enzyme is suppressed by a gene silencing mechanism) |
inhibits the production of polygalacturonase enzyme responsible for the breakdown of pectin molecules in the cell wall, and thus causes delayed softening of the fruit |
| acc |
Ananas comosus |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase |
involved in catalyzing the penultimate step in ethylene biosynthesis |
| acc (truncated) |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
modified transcript of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase gene |
suppresses the normal expression of the native ACC synthase gene, resulting in reduced ethylene production and delayed fruit ripening |
| anti-efe |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
antisense RNA of 1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) gene (no functional ACO enzyme is produced) |
causes delayed ripening by suppressing the production of ethylene via silencing of the ACO gene that encodes an ethylene-forming enzyme |
| dmo |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DI-6 |
dicamba mono-oxygenase enzyme |
confers tolerance to the herbicide dicamba (2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid) by using dicamba as substrate in an enzymatic reaction |
| cspB |
Bacillus subtilis |
cold shock protein B |
maintains normal cellular functions under water stress conditions by preserving RNA stability and translation |
| Hahb-4 |
Helianthus annuus |
Isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the transcription factor Hahb-4 |
the transcription factor Hahb-4 binds to a dehydration transcription regulating region of plant |
| RmBetA |
Rhizobium meliloti |
choline dehydrogenase |
catalyzes the production of the osmoprotectant compound glycine betaine conferring tolerance to water stress |
| bbx32 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
protein that interacts with one or more endogenous transcription factors to regulate the plant’s day/night physiological processes |
to modulate plant's diurnal biology and to enhance growth and reproductive development |
| zmm28 |
|
transcription factor (ZMM28) |
regulates the expression of genes |
| crt1 |
Pantoea ananatis |
phytoene desaturase enzyme CRTI |
catalyzes the conversion of 15-cis-phytoene to all-trans-lycopene |
| psy1 |
Zea mays |
phytoene synthase ZmPSY1 |
converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate into phytoene, and acts upstream of CRTI in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway |
| barstar |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens |
barnase ribonuclease inhibitor |
restores fertility by repressing the inhibitory effect of barnase on tapetum cells of the anther |
| R-genes |
Solanum venturii |
Rpi-vnt1, Rpi-amr1, and Rpi-amr |
Part of a plant defense mechanism called effector triggered immunity. These proteins recognize pathogen-secreted effector proteins and activate the plant hypersensitive response (HR). |
| MamRGA2 |
Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis (wild banana) |
MamRGA2 protein |
allows the banana plant to detect the presence of the infecting fungus, and triggers the plant’s defense response preventing further infection by the fungus |
| bar |
Streptomyces hygroscopicus |
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme |
eliminates herbicidal activity of glufosinate (phosphinothricin) herbicides by acetylation |
| mo-pat |
Streptomyces viridochromogenes |
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase |
tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate |
| cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 |
herbicide tolerant form of 5-enolpyruvulshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme |
decreases binding affinity for glyphosate, thereby conferring increased tolerance to glyphosate herbicide |
| cp4 epsps L214p |
Agrobacterium strain CP4 |
5-Enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
confers tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides as it has lower affinity towards glyphosate than the plant endogenous enzyme |
| dgt-28 epsps |
Streptomyces sviceus |
DGT-28 EPSPS protein |
targeted to the maize chloroplasts through the TraP8 peptide to provide tolerance to glyphosate herbicide |
| epsps (Ag) |
Arthrobacter globiformis |
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate-synthase enzyme |
confers tolerance to glyphosate herbicides |
| epsps grg23ace5 |
synthetic gene; similar to epsps grg23 gene from soil bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis |
modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) protein or EPSPS ACE5 protein |
confers tolerance to glyphosate herbicides |
| gat4601 |
Bacillus licheniformis |
glyphosate N-acetyltransferase enzyme |
catalyzes the inactivation of glyphosate,conferring tolerance to glyphosate herbicides |
| goxv247 |
Ochrobactrum anthropi strain LBAA |
glyphosate oxidase |
confers tolerance to glyphosate herbicides by degrading glyphosate into aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate |
| mam79epsps |
|
|
|
| fer |
Malus baccata |
ferritin |
iron-storage |
| nas 2 |
Oryza sativa |
nicotianamine synthase 2 |
enables the plant’s internal transport system to efficiently mobilize iron and zinc from the roots and leaves and pump them directly into the developing grain |
| OsGA2ox1 |
rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare) |
GA 2-oxidase |
inhibits stem elongation and the development of reproductive organs; promotes early development of the inflorescence meristem |
| hppdPF W336 |
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A32 |
modified p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (hppd) enzyme |
confers tolerance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides (such as isoxaflutole) by reducing the specificity for the herbicide's bioactive constituent |
| RB |
Solanum bulbocastanum |
late blight resistance protein |
broad spectrum resistance against Phytophthora infestans races |
| cry1A.2 |
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) |
Cry1A.2 protein |
contains domain I of Cry1Ah, domain II of Cry1Ac, domain III of Cry1Ca and protoxin domain of Cry1Ac. Specific domain recombination can produce higher insecticidal activity against some key lepidopteran pests and reduce the probability of resistant insect populations. |
| ipd083Cb |
Giant maidenhair fern, Adiantum trapeziforme var. braziliense |
IPD083Cb protein |
Produces a novel insecticidal protein that binds to target sites in the midgut of susceptible lepidopteran insects, disrupting gut epithelial cells and causing insect death. It acts through target sites different from many Bt proteins, helping delay insect resistance development. |
| pinII |
Solanum tuberosum |
protease inhibitor protein |
enhances defense against insect predators by reducing the digestibility and nutritional quality of the leaves |
| vip3Aa19 |
Bacillus thuringiensis strain AB88 |
vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3Aa variant) |
confers resistance to feeding damage caused by lepidopteran insects by selectively damaging their midgut lining |
| dCS |
Gossypium hirsutum L. |
dsRNA that suppresses the expression of d-cadinene synthase gene that encode d-cadinene synthase, a key enzyme involved in gossypol |
silence the endogenous dCS genes |
| avhppd-03 |
Oat (Avena sativa) |
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
Tolerance to Mesotrione herbicide |
| amy797E |
synthetic gene derived from Thermococcales spp. |
thermostable alpha-amylase enzyme |
enhances bioethanol production by increasing the thermostability of amylase used in degrading starch |
| cordapA |
Corynebacterium glutamicum |
dihydrodipicolinate synthase enzyme |
increases the production of amino acid lysine |
| 5AT |
Torenia sp. |
anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase (5AT) enzyme |
alters the production of a type of anthocyanin called delphinidin |
| bp40 (f3'5'h) |
Viola wittrockiana |
Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) enzyme |
catalyzes the production of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin and its derivatives |
| cytb5 |
Petunia (Petunia hybrida) |
Cytochrome b5 |
Cyt b5 protein acts as an electron donor to the Cyt P450 enzyme and is required for full activity of the Cyt P450 enzyme Flavinoid 3' 5' hydroxylase in vivo and the generation of purple/ blue flower colours. |
| Del |
Antirrhinum majus |
DELILA protein |
a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that interacts with Rosea 1 and WDR1 proteins to regulate flower pigmentation. |
| dfr |
Petunia hybrida |
dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) hydroxylase enzyme |
catalyzes the production of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin and its derivatives |
| dfr-diaca |
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) |
Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase enzyme |
functions in the biosynthesis pathway of the pink/ red-coloured anthocyandin 3-O-(6-O-malylglucoside) pigment in carnations |
| hfl (f3'5'h) |
Petunia hybrida |
Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) enzyme |
catalyzes the production of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin and its derivatives |
| sfl (f3'5'h) |
Sage (Salvia splendens) |
Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase |
involved in the biosynthesis of a group of blue coloured anthocyanins called delphinidins |
| b-Lyc |
Ananas comosus |
gamma-carotene |
increases lycopene accumulation using RNAi technology |
| e-Lyc |
Ananas comosus |
delta-carotene |
increases lycopene accumulation using RNAi technology |
| Psy |
Tangerine (Citrus reticulata) |
phytoene |
increases lycopene and/or beta-carotene levels |
| fad2-1A (sense and antisense) |
Glycine max |
no functional enzyme is produced (production of delta-12 desaturase enzyme is suppressed by RNA interference) |
reduces desaturation of 18:1 oleic acid to 18:2 linoleic acid; increases the levels of monounsaturated oleic acid and decreases the levels of saturated linoleic acid in the seed |
| fad2.2 |
Carthamus tinctorius |
no functional enzyme is produced (production of delta-12 desaturase enzyme is suppressed by RNA interference) |
downregulation of fad2.2 gene |
| Lackl-delta12D |
Lachancea kluyveri |
delta-12-desaturase |
converts oleic acid to linoleic acid |
| Micpu-delta-6D |
Micromonas pusilla |
delta-6-desaturase |
convert a-linolenic acid to stearidonic acid |
| Nc.Fad3 |
Neurospora crassa |
delta 15 desaturase protein |
desaturates certain endogenous fatty acids resulting in the production of stearidonic acid (SDA), an omega-3 fatty acid |
| OtD5E |
Ostreococcus tauri |
delta-5 elongase |
catalyzes the decarboxylation Claisen-like condensation of two carbons from malonyl-CoA to C20:5n-3-CoA generating C22:5n-3-ß-keto-C oA, which is then converted to C22:5n-3-CoA by endogenous enzymes |
| Pavsa-delta-4D |
Pavlova salina |
delta-4-desaturase |
converts docosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid |
| Picpa-omega-3D |
Pichia pastoris |
delta-15-/omega-3-desaturase |
converts linoleic acid to a-linolenic acid |
| PiO3D |
Phytophthora infestans |
omega-3 desaturase |
converts C20:4n-6 into C20:5n-3 |
| PirO3D |
Pythium irregulare |
two copies of the coding sequence for an omega-3 desaturase, cO3D(Pir)1 and cO3D(Pir)2 |
converts C20:4n-6 into C20:5n-3 |
| Pj.D6D |
Primula juliae |
delta 6 desaturase protein |
desaturates certain endogenous fatty acids resulting in the production of stearidonic acid (SDA), an omega-3 fatty acid |
| PlD4D |
Pavlova lutheri |
delta-4 desaturase |
convert C22:5n-3 into C22:6n-3 |
| PpD6E |
Physcomitrella patens |
delta-6 elongase |
catalyzes the decarboxylation Claisen-like condensation of two carbons from malonyl-CoA to C18:3n-6-CoA generating C20:3n-6-ß-keto-CoA, which is then converted to C20:3n-6-CoA by endogenous enzymes |
| PsD12D |
Phytophthora sojae |
delta-12 desaturase |
convert C18:1n-9 into C18:2n-6 |
| Pyrco-delta-5E |
Pyramimonas cordata |
delta-5-elongase |
converts eicosapentaenoic acid to docosapentaenoic acid |
| TcD4D |
Thraustochytrium sp. |
delta-4 desaturase |
converts C22:5n-3 into C22:6n-3 |
| TcD5D |
Thraustochytrium sp. |
two copies of the coding sequence for a delta-5 desaturase, cD5D(Tc)1 and cD5D(Tc)2 |
|
| te |
Umbellularia californica (bay leaf) |
12:0 ACP thioesterase enzyme |
increases the level of triacylglycerides containing esterified lauric acid (12:0) |
| TpD6E |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
delta-6 elongase |
catalyzes the decarboxylation Claisen-like condensation of two carbons from malonyl-CoA to C18:3n-6-CoA generating C20:3n-6-ß-keto-CoA, which is then converted to C20:3n-6-CoA by endogenous enzymes |
| API |
Sagittaria sagittifolia (arrowhead) |
arrowhead protease inhibitor protein A or B |
confers resistance to a wide range of insect pests |
| CpTI |
Vigna unguiculata |
trypsin inhibitor |
confers resistance to a wide range of insect pests |
| NtQPT1 (antisense) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
antisense RNA of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPTase) gene; no functional QPTase enzyme is produced |
suppresses the transcription of the QPTase gene, thereby reducing the production of nicotinic acid, a precursor for nicotine |
| PGAS PPO suppression gene |
Malus domestica |
double stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
double stranded RNA (dsRNA)from the suppression transcript is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that direct the cleavage of the target mRNA through sequence complementarity and suppresses PPO resulting in apples with a non-browning phenotype. |
| bxn |
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae |
nitrilase enzyme |
eliminates herbicidal activity of oxynil herbicides (eg. bromoxynil) |
| phyA |
Aspergillus niger var. van Tieghem |
3-phytase enzyme |
increases the breakdown of plant phytates which bind phosphorus and makes the latter available to monogastric animals |
| ppo5 |
Solanum verrucosum |
double stranded RNA |
Designed to generate dsRNA to down regulate Ppo5 transcripts which lowers black spot bruise development |
| GA20ox_SUP |
Zea mays (maize) |
gibberellic acid/gibbrellin 20 oxidase 3 and 5 proteins |
reduction of gibberellic acid/gibberellin (GA) levels predominantly in the stalk, leading to a reduction of internode length and consequently reduced overall plant height compared to conventional maize comparator |
| ac1 (sense and antisense) |
Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV) |
sense and antisense RNA of viral replication protein (Rep); no functional viral replication protein is produced |
inhibits the synthesis of the viral replication protein of the Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV), thereby conferring resistance to the BGMV |
| cmv_cp |
Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV) |
coat protein of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) |
confers resistance to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| plrv_orf1 |
Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) |
putative replicase domain of the potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) |
confers resistance to potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) through gene silencing mechanism |
| ppv_cp |
Plum pox virus (PPV) |
coat protein of plum pox virus (PPV) |
confers resistance to plum pox virus (PPV) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| prsv_cp |
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) |
coat protein (CP) of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) |
confers resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| pvy_cp |
Potato Virus Y (PVY) |
coat protein of the potato virus Y (PVY) |
confers resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| Rladg |
|
|
controls resistance to the infection and to PLRV accumulation |
| Rysto |
Solanum stoloniferum |
Rysto immune receptor |
confers extreme resistance to PVY in potato preventing viral replication without triggering cell death |
| wmv_cp |
Watermelon Mosaic Potyvirus 2 (WMV2) |
coat protein of watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV2) |
confers resistance to watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV2) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| zymv_cp |
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus (ZYMV) |
coat protein of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) |
confers resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) through "pathogen-derived resistance" mechanism |
| dsRed2 |
Discosoma sp. |
red fluorescent protein |
produces red stain on transformed tissue, which allows visual selection |
| 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence |
|
|
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| 1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid synthase gene |
|
|
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| 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase |
|
|
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| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase fragment |
|
|
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| 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase |
|
|
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| 14-3-3C intron |
|
|
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| 16S rRNA gene promoter |
|
|
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| 19-kDa zein gene terminator |
|
|
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| 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase 1 |
|
|
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| 27 kDa gamma-zein seed storage protein signal peptide |
|
|
|
| 27-kDA gamma zein terminator |
|
|
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| 27kD gamma-zein Promoter |
|
|
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| 2A-like self-processing peptide |
|
|
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| CP4 epsps |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain CP4) |
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
confers tolerance to glyphosate herbicides by providing an alternative metabolic pathway for aromatic amino acid synthesis that is not inhibited by the chemical |
